Base oil is a core raw material with extensive applications across multiple industries, primarily serving as the foundational component of lubricating products and playing critical roles in ensuring equipment operation. According to its source, base oil is mainly divided into three categories: Mineral base oil, Synthetic base oil, Bio-based base oil.
The main usages are as follows:
1. Core Component of Lubricants (Most Mainstream Usage)
It accounts for 70%–99% of the mass of finished lubricants, forming the basic matrix. By blending with different functional additives (antioxidants, anti-wear agents, viscosity modifiers, etc.), it is processed into various lubricants for different scenarios, such as Industrial machinery lubricants, Automotive lubricants, Special lubricants.
2. Raw Material for Greases
Base oil is mixed with thickeners (e.g., lithium soap, calcium soap) and additives to produce greases (semi-solid lubricants). Greases are widely used in parts that are difficult to refuel continuously, such as automotive wheel bearings, industrial conveyor belt bearings, and door hinges, providing long-term lubrication and dust-proof, water-proof protection.
3. Application in Electrical and Insulation Fields
Naphthenic base oil (a type of mineral base oil) has excellent insulating properties and low viscosity-temperature sensitivity, making it an ideal raw material for transformer oil (used in power transformers to insulate and dissipate heat) and capacitor oil (ensuring the stable operation of electrical capacitors).
4. Auxiliary in Metal Processing
In metal cutting, stamping, and drawing processes, base oil (often blended with extreme pressure additives, emulsifiers) is used to prepare metalworking fluids. These fluids play roles in lubricating the tool-workpiece interface, cooling the processing area, flushing away metal chips, and preventing workpiece rusting, improving processing accuracy and tool life.
5. Other Special Applications
Rubber and plastic processing: As a plasticizer or softener, it improves the flexibility and processability of rubber/products (e.g., automotive tires, industrial hoses).
Cosmetics and personal care: Food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade base oil (e.g., mineral oil, synthetic esters) is used in creams, lotions, and hair care products as emollients to moisturize and smooth the skin/hair.
Biofuels and energy fields: Some high-purity synthetic base oils or bio-based base oils are used as additives in biofuels to improve their combustion efficiency and stability.
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